Human Nature in a Shakespearean Play - 1446 Words

â€Å"It is quite possible—overwhelmingly probable, one might guess—that we will always learn more about human life and personality from novels than from scientific psychology† – Noam Chomsky The audience in a play is the most important aspect because of each individual’s interpretation and point of view. While an author or playwright may have certain themes or things to be reflected in the play, that may not always happen and several plays often have several meanings or theme. A play written by William Shakespeare has stood the test of time and sparked many debates, regarding the many themes and how they are meant to be interpreted. One theme that is interesting to debate over is how human nature can be a complex subject because the many desires and personalities humans have, can lead to actions that could affect the lives of others. William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Hamlet Prince of Denmark† gives insight on the human condition and di scusses what it means to be human. Hamlet without a doubt is the plays most complex character from pretending to be mad to contemplating suicide. Hamlet’s most obvious desires allude to vengeance and hate. However, could it be possible that Hamlets fake insanity is not only used to fool other characters in the play but himself? Love is often a topic during the play and Polonius who is known for giving good advice, says that â€Å"That very ecstasy of love, / whose violent property for does itself / And leads the will to desperate undertakings / As of’t asShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream And Fool1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Shakespearean fool is a recurring character type in the works of William Shakespeare. While their individual personalities and functions differ from play to play, the reoccurrence of the Shakespearean fool suggests that fools serve as an important institution of the Shakespearean stage. But what is the role of the Sh akespeare’s fools in his works? And how do particular characteristics about these fools help them achieve this purpose? Through an in-depth analysis of Shakespeare’s arguably twoRead MoreHeroes and Villains: Iago and the Extent of Human Potential in Shakespeare’s Othello1646 Words   |  7 PagesOthello, Iago serves as a necessary catalyst for the action of the play. He takes such a principal role in the drama that the play has commonly been described as Othello’s tragedy, but Iago’s play. Scholars have disagreed, however, as to whether or not Iago can simply be described as an ingenious villain lacking all regard for morality. Many have seen some of his most inhuman or evil qualities as the very thing that makes him human; others have attributed his manipulative ambition to a deep-seededRead MoreThe Role Of Master And Servant Relationships1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmaster and servant relationships in Early Modern comedy ​​Introduction During the Shakespearean era the possessing a servant was more common as it is today. The servants play critical roles in the master’s life to the extent that some masters fully relied on the servants to function effectively in their day to day life duties. The importance of master-servant relationship cannot be overlooked. In the Shakespearean plays depicted strong relationship between master and the servant. Some of the relationshipsRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 Pagesthere in Greek and Shakespearean tragedies in many respects. Firstly, the Greek tragedy follows the classical convention of three unities: unity of time, unity of space, and unity of action; whereas the Shakespearean drama does not follow such rules. Secondly, Greek tragedy lay main emphasis on destiny than on the action of protagonist (Oedipus Rex—a model Greek tragedy); Shakespearean tragedy spotlights the Hamartia (error of judgement or a tragic flaw, though minor in nature), r eason for the adversityRead MoreThe Death Of A Man Of High Power1241 Words   |  5 PagesLear ¬, justice is not equitably administered. Defined as a â€Å"story of human actions producing exceptional calamity and ending in the death of a man of high power,† (Bradley), King Lear must be considered one of the most heart-wrenching Shakespearean tragedies ever written. It’s degradation of honourable individuals through a plot line that demonstrates betrayal and the needless deaths of virtuous people proves that this Shakespearean tragedy supports the theme of injustice served for the righteous. Read MoreThe Message Hidden Within: Romeo and Juliet Essay520 Words   |  3 Pagesprofound in Shakespearean times, and more specifically, in Shakespearean plays themselves. One heavy example of this is of course a story of â€Å"...Fair Verona, where we lay our scene. two star-crossed lovers... (Act I Prologue)† Even through the twists in the plot, the comedy, and the dramatic overview, it delivers numerous positive messages. In the play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, there’s three positive messages about the human spirit that this tragic play offers, suchRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Purpose of the Witches940 Words   |  4 Pagesfor having the witches in Shakespeares play,   Macbeth, is to make a comparison between Macbeths conscious world and Macbeths unconscious, dream world. In this essay, I will touch upon Sigmund Freuds theories of dreams and the unconscious, and consider the nature of the witches and their relat ionship with Macbeth. I will also explore the relationship between witches and society, and conclude the essay by considering other roles of the witches in the play.    Sigmund Freud had a theory onRead More The Guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Characters in the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth scarcely feel guilt - with two exceptions: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In this essay lets consider their guilt-problem. In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments regarding the guilt of the protagonist: It is a subtler thing which constitutes the chief fascination that the play exercises upon us - this fear Macbeth feels, a fear not fully defined, for him or for us, a terrible anxiety that is a sense ofRead MoreEssay on Human Nature in Hamlet and a Midsummer Nights Dream1314 Words   |  6 Pagesis the nature of people to love, then destroy, then love again that which they value the most.† –Unknown. Countless authors have tried to display love as human nature, but no author does this better than the famous playwright, William Shakespeare. In both Hamlet and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare exhibits how love can control a person. To understand how love controls a person, one must understand that human nature is the sum of qualities and traits shared by all humans. All humans have exhibitRead MoreAnalysis Of As You Like It 1141 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"As You Like It†, is a Shakespearean comedy that is believed to have been written around the 1 600’s. This play holds onto many strong motifs throughout the entire play. One of the most obvious motifs would have to be the concept of exile. Many of the characters in the play have been intimidated away from their homes, while others left voluntarily to live in the forest of Arden. This separation from their homes in the court aids in helping Shakespeare’s major themes come alive. The major themes evident

Loss of Innocence in Hamlet Essay - 1265 Words

Loss of Innocence in Hamlet Hamlet is a character that we love to read about and analyze. His character is so realistic, and he is so romantic and idealistic that it is hard not to like him. He is the typical young scholar facing the harsh reality of the real world. In this play, Hamlet has come to a time in his life where he has to see things as they really are. Hamlet is an initiation story. Mordecai Marcus states some initiations take their protagonists across a threshold of maturity and understanding but leave them enmeshed in a struggle for certainty(234). And this is what happens to Hamlet. Although Hamlet is a little old to have this experience of coming to be a man, we have to realize that his†¦show more content†¦This event along with everything else that he is dealing with is the threshold for Hamlet that he must cross. To cross this threshold Hamlet has to make a decision. Dealing with the process of making and actually making this decision lead Hamlet into his manhood. Hamlet has idealized his father and what Hamlet has learned about his father in the ghost scene shakes his fragile equilibrium. He learns all at one time that his uncle has killed his father, and that his father is not the person that he thought he was. This is a blow for any young adult. Hamlet is now having to deal with the fact that everything that he has believed to be true, just is not so. Hamlet has also idealized his mother, and it seems like that they have had a close relationship before this incident. Hamlet really loved his mother, and I think he put her on a pedestal. In the play, this delusion that he has about his mothers character is quickly shattered. She, within a month (1,2,145) marries Hamlets uncle who has for some odd reason become king after Hamlets fathers death. Hamlet is sickened and disillusioned by his mothers behavior saying things like O that this too too sullied flesh would melt (1,2,129) and frailty, thy name is woman(1,2,146). But the realization that he has about his mother also ties into the realization that he has about his father and ultimatelyShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Destruction of Love Between Hamlet and Ophelia1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe Destruction of Love Between Hamlet and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ophelia describes Hamlet as the courtiers soldier, scholars eye, tongue and sword, Thexpectancy and rose of fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, Thobserved of all observers (Act 3 Scene 1) He is the ideal man. But, after his madness and the death of her father she sees him as a noble mind oer thrown! (Act 3 Scene 1). Ophelia suffers from Hamlets disillusionment; his attitude to her in Act 3 Scene 1 isRead MoreMinor Characters Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1595 Words   |  7 Pages Through Shakespeare’s use of minor characters in his play, Hamlet, the playwright was able to subtly develop Hamlet’s character. In using minor characters, Shakespeare emphasized certain traits which the main character held. These minor character also personify the motifs of contrast between a sickly interior versus healthy exterior and contrasting life and death; the minor characters’ embodiment of these motifs further establish for the audience the importance of these motifs within the play. Read MoreCorruption of Society in George Orwell’s 1984 and William Shakespeare’s Hamlet806 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet results both in the loss of innocence and the destruction of sanity. Winston from 1984 stood his grounds throughout the book, but the society standards and rules created by Big Brother soon consume him. Similarly, the entire Kingdom of Denmark bombarded Hamlet with betrayal amongst his own family and loved ones such that drove him into madness. This madness spread through both books in revenge of what the corrupted society has done to the character’s lives. Early on in Hamlet, a guardRead MoreEssay on Ophelias Virgin Suicide753 Words   |  4 Pagespopularly associated with William Shakespeares play Hamlet is that of young Ophelias body floating in the river after her suicidal drowning as described in Act 4, Scene 7, lines 167-184. Shakespeares captivating illustration of an unstable young woman finally at rest has been portrayed by several artists because of its beautiful, whimsical narrative. Ophelias depiction throughout the play personifies not only youthful love, loss, innocence and na#239;vet#233;, but also the dependent role ofRead MoreHamlet, A Feminist Lens890 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Through A Feminist Lens Hamlet can be viewed through a feminist lens by focusing on Ophelia and Gertrude and how various other male characters treat them. Ophelia and Gertrude are dismissed as characters through the entire play because they are women. Hamlet refers to women as â€Å"frailty,† implying that they are weak and are dependent on men. Reason suggests that with out the males, Ophelia and Gertrude would simply have no story. Within the first scene of Hamlet the reader discoversRead More Gertrude as an Innocent Victim or a Sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman in Hamlet1365 Words   |  6 PagesGertrude as an Innocent Victim or a Sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman in Hamlet Shakespeare’s character Gertrude is one of much mystery; in relation to this there are many questions that need to be answered to establish Gertrude’s innocence through out the play. Some examples of these questions are, was Gertrude in some kind of relationship with Claudius before the murder of her late Husband and did she know about the murder before or after it was committed? Does sheRead MoreHamlet’s â€Å"To be, or not to be† soliloquy is the most famous of all the soliloquies in the play800 Words   |  4 Pagesmost famous of all the soliloquies in the play because it is a turning point for Hamlet in the play. Suddenly the audience recognizes that Hamlet’s sanity is rapidly unraveling. The subject of this soliloquy is about suicide and essentially, Hamlet’s choice between life and death. Hamlet has gotten to point in the play where he can barely see a point to living anymore, an all time low for the once heroic character. Hamlet weighs the benefits to continuing life (â€Å"to be†), and those of ending his lifeRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Hamlet By William Shakespeare896 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare captures the essence of being a woman in the play Hamlet, by introducing the characters, Gertrude and Ophelia. They are naive and gullible characters that look for advice from a male figure and are expected to act in a certain way that would please and not interfere with the opposite sex. Therefore the role of women in the play Hamlet is to act as a possession of their male figure and maintain a reputation of innocence. For example, Ophelia, a young Danish courtier, daughter ofRead MoreThe Powerlessness Of Women In Shakespeares Hamlet1473 Words   |  6 Pagesobligations were to follow the rules of the men and obey the men in their lives’. â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman;† Hamlet implies the powerlessness of the two women characters in the play. In Hamlet, the roles of Gertrude and Ophelia are very important in that they are the only two female characters in the play. Gertrude, the Queen of Denmark and mother of Hamlet, and Ophelia, the lover of Hamlet, are characterized as controlled and lost in their lives because they are being used by the men throughout theRead More Women in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays. In this essay I will look at Hamlets perception of women in general but particularly Gertrude and Ophelia. I will also look at the historical presentation of women, comparing Hamlets time to today and seeing if the symbolic role that the females characters have is related to the period. Also I will look at Hamlets madness, whether it was real or not and also whether women could be the cause of it. Finally I will

Best Locations to Buy CBD Oil Near Me Free Essays

Ever wondered how you can get your hands on a CBD oil near you? Then you have just stumbled across the right place. The sales of CBD oil have been on an upward trend since 2017, and forecasts indicate they will only get better. Restrictions put in place by State and Federal laws have created lots of misperceptions on who can purchase the CBD oils. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Locations to Buy CBD Oil Near Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now So how does one go about it? Intending to Buy the CBD Oil near me? First, start by understanding the laws. Currently, only 9 states across the country allow for the use of marijuana on recreational grounds, Washington, D.C can be included. Not everyone has the opportunity to walk right into a dispensary and make an order for fine CBD oil, this privilege is determined by where you reside. Despite the acceptance of legal recreational weed, some of the 9 states require special medical marijuana cards or a medical prescription from a physician. If you are in a state that requires so, it’s quite simple to obtain an online recommendation in a matter of minutes. As of 2018, 29 of the 50 states within the union permit the use of medical weed in one way or the other. Cannabis CBD oil used for special treatment fall right within that category given it’s an affiliate product. Now, where does the complication arise? When it comes to qualifying for a medical card, that’s easy. The downside is having to go through a long and tiresome bureaucratic process with the state Health Board. All the best on that! Even after going through the entire charade, the most stringent medical states have few authorized dispensaries open. They are located in areas that are totally inaccessible. Our CBD oil is derived from Hemp, which is why it is legal in all 50 states. This article is the perfect guide for those anyone searching â€Å"Where to but CBD oil near me†. History of Hemp CBD oil Cultivation of the first hemp plants began over 10,000 years ago. The first sighting was made in an ancient Taiwanese village. Distinguished as one of the first plants cultivated by man, hemp and cannabis are widely regarded as the foundation of Chinese medicine. As it thrived into mainland China, it gradually spread into India, Europe, and Arabia over the next millennia. Hemp found its way into America during the colonial times by explorers and was mainly used as medicines, fabrics, and textiles. Accidentally discovered from the hemp plant in 1940, CBD emerged as a powerful substance that can alter our perception of human health and disease. What is CBD? According to the latest research, cannabidiol extracts derived from cannabis plants can be used as oil. Mainly rich in Cannabinoids, they are bound to receptors within the brain. Another widely known cannabinoid is the tetrahydrocannabinol, abbreviated as THC. It was in 1960 when scientists were able to isolate the THC compound from cannabis. CBD is a structural isomer of THC that accounts for 80 percent of the plant extract. They both share the same chemical composition except for the atom arrangement which differs slightly. There is a unique ring in the stricture that opens and closes. When it opens its CBD when closed its THC. The CBD compound has existed much longer than THC but its true value has manifested in the past few decades. We have only begun to understand how it modulates the effects of THC and acts as a unique compound in itself. Within CBD are pain relieving properties, anti-seizure properties, anti-cancer properties, and blocks out the worst effects of THC. All this argument has been backed by research and testing where examinations are done out in the field among marijuana uses. Those with CBD registered less adverse effects from their marijuana usage. The research has also been corroborated in animal studies among other groups. We are seeing some cancer research groups champion for the use of CBD in cancer chemotherapy. Others have argues for its use in offsetting diabetic neuropathy that is the leading cause of blindness nationwide. Is there a Difference between Hemp and Cannabis CBD Oil? CBD oil has become the preferred term when talking about the different oils derived from the hemp plant. In the real sense though, they are quite different. Some Cannabis CBD oil varieties may have high concentrations of THC – just under 10 percent. In other cases, the concentration in CBD oil is less than 2 percent. Industrial hemp has even lower concentrations – under 0.3 percent. Cannabis Oil: Primarily derived from marijuana, cannabis oil has a high percentage of THC. In that regard, it can only be bought in a place where marijuana is legalized. Another alternative would be through prescription. The level of compound (CBD or THC) will vary in different products. Commercially produced cannabis oils tend to contain more standard CBD and THC concentrations. Hemp seed oils: Industrial hemp seeds get cold-pressed to create nutty oils. Such products contain few traces of cannabinoids, one of which is CBD. In addition, within the hemp seed oils are vitamin E and monounsaturated fats. This makes them suitable for cooking, creating biofuels or skin care products. Does CBD oil result in a high? From a user point of view, CBD simply tastes as an essential oil. To be more precise, the taste can be likened to that of a flower. Cannabinoid does not give you the buzzing high feel synonymous with smoking marijuana. Considerations Actually, it is common knowledge that the hemp-based oil creates no psychoactive responsiveness whatsoever. Contrary to misconception, it will not cure cancer or any other disease. It will, however, help when treating mild conditions like arthritis, pain or anxiety. It’s best to consume to receive a prescribed dosage from a medical practitioner. Just as with most remedies in life, the positive effects start to kick in a week or so. How to cite Best Locations to Buy CBD Oil Near Me, Papers

Human Resources Management and Sustainable Development free essay sample

Nowadays, sustainable development is a movement that is increasing in our society. Companies are progressively realizing the stakes of such policies, and are willing to have a try at it. The triple bottom line definition of sustainable development (source: United Nations) stresses an equal importance of the social and economic dimensions with regard to the ecological dimension. The sustainable development director of a company being usually inside of its human resources department, this department must therefore play a key role in the implementation of sustainable development policies. But what role exactly ? How can companies use human resources management to improve their sustainable development strategy ? Sustainable development implies taking into account ethical values and principles. For example, a new trend in companies nowadays is volunteering. Many different projects are available to volunteers, depending on their will and their interest centres : humanitarian missions, reinsertion of unemployed people, etc. These actions, which depend very much on the willingness of human resources management to set them up, contribute to the good image of sustainable development policies implementation in companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources Management and Sustainable Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is even more striking to employees and locals when companies choose to get involved in missions close to its activity, e. g. the Danone group gives away free yoghurts to African communities every year. On the national level Many actions including the social dimension can be undertaken in companies. This includes for examples an improved fairness in the hiring process (e. g. through interviewing methods, anonymous resumes ), a regular training of employees, a more flexible work, etc. The most important part is to involve employees in the sustainable development process. Indeed, managers have the responsibility to spread sustainable development principles and to set them up, while employees realize them and keep them alive. If employees do not agree upon it, the company is walking right into a wall. Companies should therefore explain their initiative, the pros and the cons, and have employees agree on it. Meetings to agree on a charter could be a good thing also. Furthermore, employees’ involvement should not stop there : Companies should encourage their collaborators to integrate ethical and ecological attitudes in their everyday life. For instance, the Aventis Pasteur laboratory encourages its employees to take public transportations rather than driving alone to work. In order to do so, the company signed a contract with ADEME (Agence De l’Environnement et de la Maitrise de l’Energie) so as to improve the bus service to the laboratory. However, taking actions in the home country of a company is not enough today : sustainable development goes abroad ! On the international level With the globalization of firms, they now need to pay attention to the social aspects of being settled in different countries. Companies must indeed take into consideration the local social specificities, as well as local stakeholders. If possible, they should also try developing partnerships with local associations, NGO, as well as local and international public institutions. An example of what a sustainable development policy could be implemented abroad is the Lafarge cement company. Its employees in Africa were for the most part affected with AIDS. AIDS had a negative impact on the social but also on the economic dimension. It was the first death cause at Lafarge Africa. The group set up a policy to help fight the disease and to make working and health conditions as convenient as possible. This policy was set up in cooperation with CARE, an international development NGO. To go even further, Lafarge cooperated with local associations to launch a preventive campaign in the area. Another example is the Accor hotel company, which is involved in the definition and implementation of international standards on areas such as education, as well as the fight against prostitution and child exploitation. Both national and international dimensions must be taken into account in the implementation of a sustainable development policy, in order to make the most out of it. In conclusion, sustainable development being an important issue nowadays, companies are starting to feel implied in this process. Through a good use of the human resources management, social services can be set up in a company, both nationally and internationally, hence the performance of the company in terms of sustainable development.

In Need for Equity Metropolitan Hospital Case

Avogadro, Amadeo essays

Avogadro, Amadeo essays Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carl Avagodro was born on August 9, 1776 in Turin, Italy. He was the son of Count Filippo Avogadro and Anna Maria Vercellone. In his earlier years, he started a practice as a lawyer, seeing as he came from a long line of successful ones. His early career was highly successful. In 1792, Avogadro became a bachelor of jurisprudence, and four year later he would earn a doctorate in ecclesiastical law. In 1801, Avogadro was named the secretary to the department of Eridano. It was around this period that he studied mathematics and physics privately, becoming so engrossed he eventually made it his lifetime career. Eventually, Avogadro became the professor of philosophy at the college of Vercelli, where he would marry Felicita Mazze and have six children. In 1811, he would make his famous statement claiming that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature contain the same number of molecules. This was published in an article on Journal de physique, in which he clearly states the distinction between a molecule and an atom. Alas, the scientific community at the time, for various reasons, paid very little attention to him. Avogadro had based his hypothesis on the studies of a man called Joseph Gay-Lussac, who had discovered all gasses at equal temperature expand by the same amount in 1809. Nothing really was done, until 50 years later when a man by the name of Stanislao Cannizzaro had reintroduced the scientific community to Avogadros theory. By then, there was a much larger agreement that something could be made of such a theory. Cannizzaro believed that compounds had whole numbers of atoms, and that equal volumes of gasses under the same conditions have the same number of molecules. Ironically, this was formed by a fusion of Avogadro and his nemesis Daltons statements. In 1865, a man by the name of Johann Joseph Loeschmidt sa ...

Classroom needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classroom needs - Essay Example It not only hurts teacher who takes the responsibility of molding a student, but also leaves it to the thought of student, what they want to learn. Thinking otherwise, students are admitted to school to learn and not teach the teachers how and what to teach. Any such policies would dominate the mind of teacher while he is teaching. This would have a severe impact on the overall learning cycle of the child. To do this the teacher has to have a thorough understanding of students and their psychology. A reference to this is made from (National Institute of Education [NIE], 1984) that "Teachers must help students develop skills for adapting to a rapidly changing, interdependent world. This world will demand that students think critically and synthesize large quantities of new information, show sensitivity to diversity, and develop attitudes and skills that promote lifelong learning." 1 To make a student interested in learning, an active environment be provided where students enjoy hands-on and minds-on experiences. This can be achieved when Children are made to participate actively in simulations, demonstrations, games, problem solving, experiments, integrating activities, computer usage and of course writing exercises. 2.

How Technical Communication Textbooks Fail Engineering Students Assignment

How Technical Communication Textbooks Fail Engineering Students - Assignment Example However, the textbooks used by students are not able to address the issue, as engineering students find themselves to remain limited to established formats, which are meant mainly for students going for humanities based courses. The prescribed technical communication textbooks provide the advice to engineering students for such communication details. However, the information and tools mentioned in these textbooks do not match with the standards required in meeting the engineering or scientific knowledge, which these students gain from their professional courses. The areas covered by these textbooks include the use of active and passive voice, which is more oriented towards humanities. The other major concern refers to citation formats, which are not compatible with engineering studies. The books do not have enough instructions for presentation methods regarding data visualization and research papers, on technical matters. There is little evidence in the textbooks that can provide guidance on arguments and evidence presentation, which is the major requirement for all engineering students who want to become successful technical writers. There is enough evidence that passive voice is necessary to report certain technical details. Most technical communication textbooks prescribe MLA, APA and other citation formats, which favors writing on humanities subjects. However, textbook by Beer & McMurray is the only book that discusses the engineering citation style, IEEE. These books must have enough information regarding interpretation of data and making a conclusion about scientific studies. The learning methods explained in these books must aim at presentation of â€Å"bottom line† conclusions, which are properly highlighted and emphasized. This would help busy readers capture the important aspects of the presented data. In addition, the presentation of data in the form of tables and figures must support the bottom line conclusion. The books must have

Research & Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research & Development - Essay Example To cope with the changing situations, the essence of research and development is increasingly felt. Constant research and development in almost every aspect of life is being continuously conducted to generate better value to its related factors. Like other sectors of industry (e.g. technology, communication, marketing and finance, etc), labor sector is also under the constant purview of research and development. The most important feature which makes labor industry significantly different from that of other functions is the psychological touch involved in it along with the technical expertise. The laborers of any industry are human beings in first place and so they have aspirations, goals, objectives and needs. Again these psychological factors differ from laborers to laborers depending upon their culture, backgrounds, perceptions and prejudices and other factors. In order to make the labor industry efficient in its functions and performance all the above factors are to be considered and continuous research and development should be initiated. So, it can be conferred that the research and development in the labor industry is critical and important, sometimes even more than other organizational functions. Research and development is initiated generally to upgrade any working system from its present condition or performance. Popularly known as R & D, research and development can be defined as, "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications" (OECD. 2008). Research and development generally can be subdivided into three sub parts namely basic research, applied research and experimental research. Basic research is a type of research activity where investigational and theoretical initiatives are undertaken basically to acquire knowledge base of the underlying facts and figures. This type of research activity is done generally as part of academic interests as there are not much application or usage of the results of basic research. Applied research is built upon the basic research and is also done to acquire new knowledge domains but with more specified and certain objectives. It deals with the core of the subject. In comparison to the first two types of research, the third component i.e. the experimental research deals with more application. It develops the research output from the basic as well as applied research and is concerned with development of new products or installation of new processes. It also deals with improvement of devices already installed or produced. Traditionally, labor has been classified as a person who sold his physical strength in order to earn his livelihood. The payment that he received for such a sale was known as 'wage'. So the laborers are also known as wage earner. But today the term labor has a more broad perspective. In the present world, laborers are generally classified under three broad heads i.e. the skilled labor, the semi skilled labor and the unskilled labor. It can be well presumed that the skilled laborers are those who have certain technical knowledge about the task they perform and so generally receives the highest pay among the three classes. Semi-skilled

Symbolic Violence and Structural Violence

Symbolic Violence and Structural Violence This weeks readings are composed of the topics of structural violence and symbolic violence. Galtung and Farmers perspectives on personhood and conflict relationship are built around the concept of the structural violence. In general terms, structural violence means sociopolitical inequalities emerge out of the structures. In addition to them, Bourdieu and Bourgois Schonberg bring new perspective by looking at the debate from different angle with the term symbolic violence which means gender inequalities emerges out of the embeddedness of female subordination by male in daily life. Galtung first discusses the concept of violence in his 1969 article of Violence, Peace and Peace Research and displays the relationship and difference between direct/personal/with subject and indirect/structural/without subject violence. In his article Cultural Violence (Galtung, 1990), it is defined as any aspect of a culture that can be used to legitimize violence in its direct or structural form (p.291). In Pierre Bourdieus article, we analyze how symbolic violence influences the gender relations by being embodied in the daily life habits of an agent. We may add that culture sometimes play a legitimizing role to strengthen symbolic violence. In my country, Turkey, there is still the honor killings phenomenon in the name of culture, which actually includes cultural and symbolic violence. It is a somewhat direct violence but also somewhat symbolic for the rest of the society and male-female relations. Galtungs prescription against those types of violence is clear; establish negative (the absence of direct violence) and positive (absence of structural and cultural violence) peace (p.183). In his article of Gender and Symbolic Violence, Pierre Bourdieu looks at violence in a different perspective than Galtung and builds relationship between violence and gender. According to him, hegemonic power and the domination of this power on its victims can be called symbolic violence. The male domination over the female can be strengthened with the help of the concepts, language, and symbols used in daily life habits. He does not mean to reduce the importance of physical violence, instead, focuses on the construction of misrecognition through the dominant discourses in various types of socio-cultural domination. Misrecognition is confirmed by dominant discourse and is embodied in womens body with hidden symbols. As he mentions this symbolic violence is most of the time unnoticed-partly unconsciousness- because the victims of this violence may not recognize it, or become silent because of their subordination or they feel daunted against the violence. His prescription is explained as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦radical transformation of the social conditions of production of the dispositions that lead the dominated to take the point of view of the dominant on the dominant and on themselves.(p.342). Paul Farmers personhood is much more related to structural issues. In On Suffering and Structural Violence, he tries to understand the mechanisms which cause social forces from poverty to racism to be embodied as individual experiences (p.281). He argues that what happens to Acephie and Chouchou the former dies because of AIDS and the latter dies because of political violence- are two different versions of structural violence. He reaches the conclusion that inequality of power and its implications on the poor are because of the structural arrangements of dominant powers of the world. Silence of socioeconomically poor people is because of the dominant power relations and its reflections on Third World countries. According to him, what happened to Acephie and Chouchou is explained as; these afflictions were not the result of accident or of force majeure; they were the consequence, direct or indirect, of human agency(p.286) He also mentions that when people are suffering because of pov erty, their access to health, food, and shelter are limited because of their social status. His prescription is much more related to the humane and offers global precautions. He thinks that instead of debating cultural differences, the social inequalities should be reduced. The precautions should focus on reducing global poverty, by so we can break the link between social violence and social acceptance of poverty. After the discussion on historically reproduced structures of social inequality and the deficiencies of accessing to health care which is a basic human right in Third World countries in Farmers article, we witness similar arguments in Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonbergs book of Righteous Dopefiend. The authors give us a portrayal of the sufferings of the homeless and heroin addicted community of Edgewater from their own personal participant observations. In general, the book is so impressive because of the use of photographs, transcripts of recorded conversations and the authors participant observations. The authors display the daily experiences of these heroin addicted-homeless people and analyze anthropologically those experiences. In the book, we see how those people suffer but also try to hang onto life one more day by involving in burglary, day labor, panhandling and so on. The book is constructed on the themes of how violence is seen in childhood, community of addicted people, in gender relations, in race issues, sexuality, power inequality, and so on. In the book, one of the main arguments is that while we enter into twenty first century, neoliberalism has produced a strata of rich people but also a strata of lumpen in United States. Those people who couldnt adapt themselves into the changing system are marginalized and exposed to the structural violence and victimized. They are Edgewater dopefiends now. On page 320, the authors mentioned that the burden of lumpenization is more severe in nonindustrialized societies. They add that there is not only power inequality and poverty issue but also poverty is being punished which is actually the extension of symbolic violence. Authors barrow from Bourdieus concept of misrecognition and symbolic violence (Bourdieu 2000) and apply it to Foucaults power/knowledge relationship. According to them, policy debates and interventions often mystify large scale structural power vectors and unwittingly reassign blame to the powerless for their individual failures and moral character deficiencies. (p.297). Here we see that, the heroin addicted-homeless people of Edgewater, Sanfransico, are not only excluded from the whole social network and locked up into their own social network but also blamed on them for their failure. Although the book criticizes so much of health care system and the role of structural forces on the suffering of those people, I believe I would be happy to read ethical considerations of the authors during their research. In conclusion, this weeks reading were so impressive and must be thought on more. In addition to that, I believe what they are theorizing must be put into practice and the awareness on structural, cultural and symbolic violence must be increased with policy recommendations. Or the project/practice areas should be determined and implemented by the field experts.

Post-Modern Victorian: A. S. Byatts Possession Essay examples -- essay

Post-Modern Victorian: A. S. Byatt's Possession If I had read A. S. Byatt's novel Possession without having had British Literature, a lot of the novel's meaning, analogies, and literary mystery would have been lost to me. The entire book seems one big reference back to something we've learned or read this May term. The first few lines of chapter one are poetry attributed to Randolph Henry Ash, which Byatt wrote herself. Already in those few lines I hear echoes of class, lines written in flowery Pre-Raphaelite tradition. "The serpent at its root, the fruit of gold /†¦At the old world's rim, /In the Hesperidean grove, the fruit /Glowed golden on eternal boughs, and there /The dragon Ladon crisped his jewelled (sic) crest†¦." Because of class, I was able to pick up on this poetry tradition right away. This story within a story is strengthened by Byatt's ability to write Victorians accurately. Until I read some of the reviews, I thought Byatt's Victorian characters were actual historical literary figures, when actu ally they are fictitious, and their journals, letters, and poetry are written by Byatt. The action of the book takes place in two periods. The two main characters, Roland and Maud, are literary scholars living in the 1980's. Their love story is shared and played out by the diaries, poetry, and correspondence of two poets and lovers from the 1860's-Randolph Henry Ash and Christabel LaMotte. Although the book is modern fiction, much of it is a Victorian novel as well. Possession is characteristic of Byatt's love for intertextuality and imbedded texts. Possession is also an example of several literary genres, all written into one book. At various times it gives evidence of poetry, mythology, a romance novel, a detective story, a fairy tale, journals and diaries, and scholarly writings. There are several themes in Possession that tie this book to earlier texts that we have read. Individual versus group identity, feminism, sexuality and the link between present and past are themes that Byatt deals with in her novel. Interestingly, Byatt expresses many of these themes using symbolic color imagery, a technique that makes her writing reminiscent of Pre-Raphaelite style. According to Byatt, the "struggle of the individual to discover and then live out her... ...hanged, and romance from one time to another is not so different as we thought. The characters mix the old and the new; Maud wears a brooch once belonging to Christabel, and another Ash scholar, Mortimer Cropper, carries Ash's pocket watch. In the end of the novel, the last love letter written by Christabel enables Maud to finally enjoy the value of love in the present, and give her trust to Roland. The cyclical time frame of the novel provides an interesting contrast to the normal, stifling, linear time frame of typical literature and everyday life. The way Byatt expresses many of these themes through her symbolic use of color is significant. Byatt paints with words, making her reminiscent of the Pre-Raphaelites. She gives color descriptions for her characters, painting the women such as LaMotte and Christabel in gold and green description, while persons whose characters are flat and never well-developed, such as Paola the secretary, are described in colorless terms. Paola has "long, colourless hair bound in a rubber band" huge mothlike glasses, and "dusty grey pads" for fingertips. Her lack of color sets her off from the beginning as a very flat character.